4 ways to eliminate options in RC

98 Comments

1. 1

2. 4.5

3. 0.5

4. 4

5. 3

6. Hi Sir,

   I have some doubts regarding English section of Cat.My score is fluctuating ,I usually attempt 12-17 questions(2-3 passages and rest grammar,para jumbles and summary type questions).I tried all kind of tricks from my end to increase the score.I gave several mocks and sectional test ,even I checked how CL gurus are attempting those mock.I am really tensed about it.

   Whenever I am attempting RC passage,either most of them are coming as correct or most of them are coming as false.Moreover in grammar/para jumbles ,I am able to attempt correctly but not always.So the score is always coming between 15-35.Since the Cat exam is just around the corner,I am still not able to find the gap.
   Please suggest me how to increase score asap.

   • Satya, pardon the delay. I hope you got some good calls this year.

7. Hi
   Do we attempt to answer the unseen comprehensions or the non rc questions. Also is it better to have a look at all the rc’s first and pick out the easiest and start first or attempt them in the given sequence? Most importantly is it preferable to focus on accuracy at the cost of attempting the maximum number of questions which may in some cases even call for the omission of a very abstract passage

   • Nikhil, it is always advisable to skim and scan the RCs and attempt one which you find easiest. Ideally, the focus should be on maintaining high accuracy of at least 80%, otherwise everything goes in vain.

8. sir , i have been reading a lot of books and editorials but i still perform very badly in the VA section ,i get very confused in what grammer rule to learn as there are so many and so many exemption rules .please help me to formulate a strategy which will help me to clear this section

   • Ashish, make sure that your analyse all these questions that your are getting wrong. Once you’ve analysed sufficient number of these types of questions from all the mock that you’ve given.
     During this analysis, you’ll come across all the grammar rules that frequently come in the mocks.

9. I did not understand the exact difference between BROAD and NARROW options. Please help me in this? @Gejo Sir

   • Cat, Broad option is increasing the scope of the passage or introducing elements that are not in the passage. Choice (b) is broad becasue it is expanding the scope to all occasions while the passage talks about a specific situation.
     Narrow is the opposite and is reducing the scope or ignoring some elements in the passage.

10. Hi Sir,
    Can you tell me what is the difference between “Analytical” and “Objective” tones.. And is it safe to eliminate these two options if both are present together.. ?

    • Dear Kriti,

      In an analytical tone, the author analyses the issue and adds his opinion to it whereas in an objective tone, there is no opinion of the author.

      Team CL

      • Thank You!

11. Gejo sir,
    I have found your BANE TECHNIQUE quite useful for handling RCs effectively. Should I consider using the same for EU ?

    • Gaurav,

      That technique is specific for RC. Though,the principle will apply directly to summary, conclusion based questions in EU. For the rest of the EU, you will have to look at other ways to get to the answer.

      Have a look at my attempt of Proc Mock 13(this is available on your SiS) – you will get an idea of how I handle the questions on EU.

      Regards

      Regards

12. Hello Gejo Sir,
    Sir I missed your fab seminar conducted on 11th october 2014.
    Sir can you provide me the link for downloading its video asap.
    Also Sir with if possible on can you please conduct a seminar on VA, CR, FIJs and most importantly RCs by taking all the previous years as well as proc mocks rc’s as illustration. Kindly oblige us, sir.
    Thanks.

    • Sanjay, the video is available in your SIS.

13. Sir

    I am a CL student. How can I access e-smart quant cracker if I could not register for the same?

    • Shreyas, will see if it another one can be scheduled.

14. Hi Sir

    I am a student of CL and I have been attempting the proc mocks lately. The recent mock, mock 12 was delayed due to some reason related to mock10. But the window for mock 12 is very less i.e till this friday (10th Oct). Can you please extend it for some more days as many of us are working professionals and attempting the mock during weekdays is not possible. It would be great if we can get this weekend rolled in for the same. Thanks

    • Chandeep, effective Mock 10 we have a proctored Mock every week to ensure more practice for students, however the you can take the test in the unproctored mode at home for ays after the closure of the proctored window.

15. Hello GP sir,
    I just wanted to know whats your take on XIME bengalore.
    How is the college.Investing around 8 lakhs in that college,will it be worthy. ?

    • Sudhanshu, XIME Bangalore is a decent institute which will provide placements in the rage of around Rs 6 lakh pa.

16. A wonderful strategy. It will surely help students to icrease few marks.
    GP Sir,
    I had a doubt which is not at all in sync with this. PLease help me out.
    Sir, are there any exchange programmes in colleges like IIMs, XLRi, JBIMS, SPJIMR, NMIMS, XIMB. And if there are , are these programmes for regular MBA students or only for students who pursue one-year executive course. I am appearing for CAT 14 and, I had this doubt. I checked up on the websites of respective institutes but couldn’t get a clear picture. Please let me know what is the scenario.
    P.S. Sorry for not restricting to RCs

    • Ayush, exchange programs are usually available to all students across all 1 and 2 year programs.

17. sir, this is about xat registrations ..i m done with the registrations ..nw the problem is those people are saying tht the applicant would have to apply seperatly for xat associate institutes ..i hv asked it before for cat and m again asking it for all the papers nw.. when do we need to start applying for the institutes .. ? i m concerned bcoz i dont want to miss an opportunity to go in a nice institute jst coz i didnt fill for the institute in the time period alloted

    • Mayur, most of the top institutes close their registrations before the date of the test hence you will have to apply to many institutes now itself.

18. Sir,

    Since NMAT is conducted for a period of 2 and half month & any student can appear at max. thrice during the time frame, I would like to request you to kindly provide some more mock tests for NMAT in our SIS in every 10 days gap till mid December.

    • Swoyam, will check if this is possible.

19. Hello sir,
    please tell us to make our strategic for CAT exam. min how many score will be required for 90+%ile with 80% accuracy in CAT 2014.

    thanks

    • Baijnath, my estimate is that a sectional score of around 55-60 and a total score of 110 should result in 90%ile in CAT.

20. Sir,

    I always find myself making mistakes in choosing ‘a suitable title for the passage’. Although my choice seems contextually correct but it is never ‘the best’. How to pick the best title aka answer?

    • Dear Gopal,

      Try to work by eliminating options. Compare each option with the text given in the passage and see which of the options can be challenged /contradicted/negated. The option which cannot be challenged at all will be the correct answer. Options that focus on a limited part of the passage (but do not cover the overall theme of the passage), options that draw excessively broad conclusions (that are not supported by the passage), options that contradict the information given in the passage, etc. can be rejected in this manner easily.

      • Thank you very much for the approach. Also, is it true that we can often find the title of a passage in a sentence on the first or last para of the passage?

        • Normally, the author either introduces what he wants to write in the first paragraph or concludes what he wrote in the last paragraph. So, yes, you would normally find the main idea, purpose, title etc. in the first or last paragraph.

21. Sir kindly tell me how to go about iift exam prepration considering I am from commerce background and with basic knowledge of trignometry. Also will going through all past year papers GK help. I am from SC category so i am sure I can clear the exam just need to get cut offs cleared in all sections. Kindly tell the detailed roadmap for the next month. Thank you 🙂

    • Avadhesh, what you are doing for CAT is sufficient for IIFT, the only thing that youu need to add for IIFT is that after 20th October start taking a Mock IIFT or a old IIFT paper every week. Trigonometry is not important for IIFT and can be ignored. Past year papers will be helpful for GK also.
      SC category students also need to clear the sectional cutoffs in all sections, the overall cutoff for reserved category candidates last year was 40 marks but my suggestion is to target 45 marks.

22. Hi shreya ,
    can you please tell me your attempt details(no of ques attempt, no of correct/incorrect, get scores).just for estimate my self that min how much accuracy recquired for 95%ile.
    thanks

23. Gejo Sir,
    As these days in mocks, the length of rc’s passage, what we are getting is slightly longer (approx.1000 words) than, the actual cat exam. I know the reason for this, but somehow it is not easy for me to read the whole passage, so I just gone for the skimmimg method in my last mock, & I find that most of the answers in rc’s are not correct. I can understand why it happens, as I doesn’t thoroughly read & understand all passages, but I tried to solve them by questions given. Also Sir, nearly 4-5 passage are there nowadays in mocks.
    Should I look for scanning method in passages?
    Please Sir, provide me some way to tackle it out, so that whatever kind of passage comes, I can really answer most of the the questions correctly.

    Regards.

    • Dear Abhilesh,

      You have already mentioned that the skimming method is not giving you good returns. On that basis, the best approach for you would be to read the first 2-3 lines of each of the passages. This will give you some idea of the topic and nature of each passage. Based on this, choose which passages to attempt and which to leave. Thoroughly read the passages that you choose to attempt and then answer the questions that follow. This is the method that is likely to work best in your case.

      • Sir,
        How much time I should give to read 2-3 lines of each para of every passage, for the selection of passage to attempt.

        Regards.

        • Abhilesh, it would take 1-1.5 minute to decide what the passage is all about and if it is worth attempting.

          • Thankyou Sir.

24. sir i am getting score of 50-55 in verbal section in cl mocks. i am not able to go beyond this. my strong areas are (RC,PJ,PC) but i am not able to manage grammer and and vocab questions such as word usage. what should i do? can i afford do leave all vocab question as i am not able to do even single one till now.

    • Aayush, your strong areas of RC and Verbal Logic are likely to give you about 25 questions and if you can attempts another 6-8 questions of LR then you can afford to leave the usage portion (sentence correction, vocabulary etc). However you still have time to improve in this area, please go through the post Crack Vocab & Sentence Correction in 60 days and implement the plan for Mock CATs and past CAt papers, it will give you another 4-5 questions.

25. Hello sir,
    My question is not regarding RC’s but regarding the CL CAT Percentile predictor. I have been scoring in the range 91-111 in the new CAT mocks. Yesterday I checked my predicted CAT percentile and was surprised to find it to be 70%ile. It’s quite demotivating to see such a low predicted score wherein I have always scored in the range of 94-96%ile in the individual tests. Is it a problem with my account or is that the actual predicted CAT %ile. Please reply at the earliest.

    • Shreya, there has to be an error, you should be averaging 95%ile. Please forward your enrolment details to me at gp@careerlauncher.com, will have it checked.

26. Dear Gejo,
    While attempting a test which essentially rewards you for correct answers and deflates your score for negative answers,is it not better to stick to your area of comfort?
    I generally avoid philosophical passages as they are not my forte.I am more inclined towards factual passages which cater to other areas.
    My question is given the fact that we aren’t trying to be future savants in RC’s.Shouldn’t our objective be more towards choosing the passages which are more to our comfort and avoiding the ones which aren’t hence to maximise our score.
    Regards,
    Abheek

    • Dear Abheek,

      In an actual exam, you may not have any passage from your comfort area and may have lots of questions from passages on topics that you are not comfortable with. Hence, it will be useful to practise attempting questions from passages on topics that you are unfamiliar/uncomfortable with.

27. sir,
    Thanks a lot for your suggestions in rc’s.Could you suggest me some important novels especially for cat or i can read any type of novel for example currently i am reading snowball by warren buffet
    pls reply as early as possible.

    • Archit, you should have a wide range while reading novels which includes fiction as well as non-fiction. You should read novels based on your interest. The aim should be comprehending whatever you read.

28. Sir ,

    Can u pls take an Smart RC cracker session(webinar)
    Just like we just had smart verbal cracker. Its a very humble
    Request sir if you can take this. Pleaseee . This wd really belp
    us to revise imp things just before CAT.

    • RG, cannot confirm but will try.

29. Is it good idea to read the questions(not options) before reading the passage to get the idea of what type of question we are facing and alter our comprehension of the passage accordingly?

    • Sumit,
      You would different answers to this question from different people. Let me give you mine.
      My answer is NO.
      Firstly, My style of reading the passage is independent of the questions asked. I am sure you have a style of reading and comprehending passage. It is our comprehension that helps us to handle different type of questions. So to me, that exercise of reading the question is futile since I am not going to change the way in which I read.
      Secondly, we have only 3 passages in the CAT. So, to attempt 6+ questions, we will anyways have to attempt all the passages. So why bother reading the questions. Keep things simple. Read & Understand the passage –> Read the question –> Evaluate Options –> Mark your answer.

30. Hello Gejo sir,

    I have been following your EC-BANE and other techniques for almost 2 months now (I have enrolled for smart RC cracker and smart CAT cracker as well) and have seen significant improvement in my accuracy(80% accuracy).Especially,your technique is beneficial for naive readers who have just started reading and for the Engineers(myself being one) ,who always need some algo/funda to reach to answer……….Thanks for it…

    Sir ,but i have few doubts while going through SMART RC and I dont know how to communicate to you directly..so I am putting it over here..

    can you please tell me what is exact difference between following
    1)Dogmatic and opinionated
    2) Analytical and critical and objective and descriptive
    3)optimistic ,sanguine,admiring,reverential,flattery,praising,laudatory and ebullient or exuberant
    4)Instructive and didactic or commanding or Authoritarian
    5)irony and paradox
    6)satire,sardonic,sarcastic,mocking,scornful,lampooning,ridiculed,deriding,
    belittling,acerbic,scathing ,vilify,vitriolic,vituperate etc

    I have gone through the course but still i often get confused in exam ..???

    can you suggest something???

    • Sorry for the late reply.
      1)Dogmatic and opinionated. You could say that all dogmatic are opinionated, but not all opinions are dogmatic. You can think of dogmas as doctrines, examples would be religious dogmas. dogmatic is when you lay down your opinions as things that are absolutely true.

      2) Analytical and critical and objective and descriptive.
      You can evaluate the tone by the intended purpose of the author. If the purpose is only to describe, (like a text book, or a news report) you say the tone is descriptive. In ‘objective’, there is a certain unbiased attitude towards arriving at a judgement. Imagine a math book on number systems. It is more descriptive not ‘objective’. Loosely put, ‘objective’ tone can be seen when in the passage the author is trying to arrive at a decision in an impartial manner. ‘Analytical’ is when you use logical reasoning or analysis on a particular topic. Critical can mean two things. Critical Analysis is more like analytical. Critical in itself can also mean judgmental.

      3) optimistic ,sanguine,admiring,reverential,flattery,praising,laudatory and ebullient or exuberant
      optimistic – you are hopeful about future
      sanguine – you are very confidently hopeful about future [The degree of optimism is high]
      admiring – you respect someone
      reverential – a much higher degree of respect. Think of ‘Reverend Father’ of a Church
      flattery – an excessive praise with an intention to advance ones own interest. It would seem that there is ulterior motive for that praise.
      praise – admiration. You praise something or someone when there is expression of admiration. ‘Admiring’ would be more subtle.
      laudatory – clear expression of praise. One degree more than ‘praise’
      Ebullient – you are enthusiastic
      Exuberant – unrestrained enthusiasm. One degree above ebullient.
      You need to identify these with how much the of praise or enthusiasm is clearly expressed in passage.

      4) irony vs paradox: Irony is when you make a deliberate attempt to create a contrast with the intended meaning and the stated meaning. Paradox are two things that contrast. There is little intended ‘pun’ or humour in paradox unlike in irony.

      5)satire,sardonic,sarcastic,mocking,scornful,lampooning,ridiculed,deriding,
      belittling,acerbic,scathing ,vilify,vitriolic,vituperate etc
      sardonic, sarcastic, mocking, ridicule – all similar to sarcasm. You express your negativity through mock or humour. Lampoon would be a written form of the same.
      belittling, acerbic, scathing etc. is more ‘in your face’ – in other word ‘gaalis’

      In tones, at a broad level identify whether the tone is positive, negative or neutral. Next, the difference between two tones would largely be on how much of that attitude is subtle or clearly expressed.

      • Thank you sir.Your explanation helped.I saw your videos again and read this explanation coupled with CL mock questions.I feel more confident now….

31. Sir I am not able to attend rc please help me sir because my English is so weak.

    • Ajeet, unfortunately you will have to improve in English to do well in RC. Suggest that you get into the habit of reading newspaper and current affairs magazine to improve your language skills.

32. Hi Gejo sir , Kindly explain to me the below given question.

    DIRECTIONS for Questions: The passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the best answer to each question.

    “To parody a well-known saying, I shall say that a little formalism turns one away from History, but that a lot brings one back to it.”, Roland Barthes

    In Long Live Literature? Martin Ryle explores the implications of the outcome of the crisis in ‘English’, saluting the development of a cultural studies committed to the reading of texts in a historical context but proposing nevertheless that a separate place should be maintained for a different, literary reading of literary texts . Ryle further develops in suggestive outline an account of such literary reading as based in a ‘humanist identification’ of the reader with the text from which may ensue a sense of what he terms the ‘complex interplay between discursive construction of identity and refusal of that construction’.

    While welcoming this intervention into the arena of literary/textual theory I am a bit disappointed that it has taken the expression it does, and some of that disappointment returns in what may be an over-harsh close reading of Long Live Literature? (though the title alone bodes ill). Despite important qualifications and refinements, and, I think, a certain amount of denegation (it’s not enough to put some words in scare quotes), Ryle’s argument tends to privilege an abstracted notion of ‘the literary text’, to be apprehended, he says, ‘at once in itself’ , so that he ends up with a conservative legitimation of the aesthetic in textual studies of just the kind he – and others beside him – have hoped to avoid. To hold his position in place Ryle relies upon a series of oppositions: between literary and cultural studies; between the aesthetic and the historical; between form and content. I shall aim to show that none of these oppositions is stable in the way Ryle’s main argument presumes, and that his position is seriously damaged by the degree of its adherence to an older paradigm of ‘the text’, a view which has insufficiently taken on board the recent shift to a more radical notion of the text as always in a relation to its reader, implying a text/reader dialectic.

    Ryle identifies cultural studies very much with a version of reading the text as historical, ‘as instances of discourse in a given social and historical conjuncture’ . Although cultural studies must be concerned with ideology and the historical conjuncture of the text, I would argue that this is not and should not be its exclusive and defining concern, and certainly not as Ryle describes it. His account of the historical takes up a number of positions which don’t properly cohere. In writing of Hardy’s Jude the Obscure Ryle says that our sense of the versions of feminine identity the book proposes must be rejected because of ‘our conviction that real women, at the time of the book’s writing, could not be reduced to one or other of the available positions’ . This humanist and essentialist appeal to ‘real women’ disregards the fact that we only have access to this reality on the basis of a historical narrative, a narrative which necessarily implicates and finds a point of address in the reader of that narrative in the present. I don’t want (and for present purposes don’t think I need) to get further into the complex questions around metahistory in order to register the point that here as elsewhere Ryle’s argument is not firmly and unequivocally dedicated to an acknowledgement that all texts are read in a continuous present.
    Q.19) The author, primarily develops the passage by using
    aExamples
    bArguments
    cQuotations
    dVehement Criticism.

    Sir the correct answer choice is B-Arguments. But my question is :- Suppose the Author was Vehement in his criticism in a similar passage like this , even then he will use arguments to criticize . So does that mean the development of a similar passage can only be by use of arguments , or in other words Vehement criticism can never be the correct answer choice ?

    • One cannot be both ‘vehement’ in attitude and then create ‘logical arguments’ to state their case. ‘Vehement’ comes with intensity, feelings as opposed to a logical argumentation which comes with premises and conclusion.

33. Sir,i wanted to ask firstly that i am able to eliminate two choices but many a times out of the two choice left,i select wrong one.how could i rectify that?secondly sir,in this passage why option “b” is wrong.i didn’t get u in your explanation.i posted my questions earlier but it was not answered.

    • Thirdly i wanted to know how questions like this can be answered -“what can be suitable title of this passage?”

      • The title of the passage is the one closest to the main idea.
        Identify the main idea and look at the option that it closest to it – that is the approach.

    • Option B: The author believes that the weakest of the females can be the source of strength when the occasion calls for it.

      The passage says : Women —> source of strength –> to their husband –> in misfortune.
      From the passage, the ‘source of strength’ is specific to:
      who : their husband
      occasion: misfortune

      The option, the ‘source of strength’ is for:
      who : not mentioned
      occasion: not mentioned.
      That suggests that women can be source of strength to ‘anyone’ in any ‘occasion’. This is a GENERAL or BROAD statement. Hence INCORRECT

34. Sir , on average, how much time should we take to complete whole reading of RC and answer questions during the test for an average student?

    • Sudheer, if you are good in RC (speed + comprehension) then a RC passage + questions will take around 7-8 minutes. An average student should be able to attempt a RC passage in 10-12 minutes.

35. sir, i booked my CAT slot on on oct 18th. Generally threre is a myth regarding early cat slots of low- moderate level of difficulty..is it true?. ..if yes means , should i need to attempt few more extra questions than the tough slot person (for avoiding normalisation attack)..guide me sir..

    • Srinivasan, there is no data to substantiate these myths. Ignore them and attempt the paper without worrying about normalisation.

36. Sir if possible please post something related to …..
    1. eliminating one statement out of 4 so that other 3 forms a para
    2. And para jumble

    • Saurabh, it will be up shortly.

37. Sir my english is so weak and I am unable to understand english

    What should i do…sir

    • Ajeet, you do not have an option but to improve in the language. Regular reading of newspapers, current affairs magazine and novels will help you in improving in this area.

38. sir,please help me in para jumble…..

    • Anu, I will be writing on PJs shortly.

39. Sir pls help me with this :

    select the alternative that exhibits a similar relationship as shown by the pair given in the question.
    ABRUPT : SUDDEN

    a)Accident:Mishap

    b)Tittle-tattle : Conversation
    (other options I have eliminated)

    I believe that a synonymous relationship is being shown..and both options are also sumwhat synonymous.Correct me if m wrong.

    • Vishwaas, my answer is a)Accident:Mishap.
      Tittle-tattle is a gossip and hence a kind of conversation.

40. Sir, i am working on my verbal part but I am not able to improve. I do thorough analysis and do RCs daily. I also use skills like BANE as you have mentioned, but in the mock tests i find level of languageused in RCs and PJ/PC very difficult … thus it takes me time to understand the RCs and sometime i am not able to understand the RCs at all! if i do , i am not able to understand questions or the options are too close… what to do in such scenarios?

    any other tips to improve verbal section (RC,PJ,PC,Out of context,word usage,sentence correction)?

    Thanks!

    • Any elimination techniques will only work if we are able to comprehend the main idea of the passage. Some of the passages in the mocks are pretty difficult to comprehend – either because of the subject or because of the sentence construction in the passage. I would suggest that you re-look at those RC and do a careful study to identify the main idea of the passage. I will be soon writing a blog on handling difficult passages – it will give you some specific pointers.

      For PJ & PC, go through what GP has written – it will be of help to you.

41. Respected Sir,
    How true is the CAT Percentile predictor ?
    I usually score 96-99+ percentile in CL mocks
    97-99+ in AIMCATs
    99+ in IMS
    I placed my scores in Percentile predictor and got them as :
    Expected : 99.97
    Maximum : 99.98
    In mocks only in 3-4 AIMCATs and 1-2 IMS mocks i have got AIR top 50 but according to percentile predictor its showing as AIR 40-60
    Please do tell how it works i will be obliged.

    • Dear Saurabh,

      The CATPP assumes the best 5 scores that you have got and predicts based on those. You seem to have enough good top 50 scores in AIMCAT and Procs to warrant a very high percentile being predicted.
      Congratulations and I am sure you will come good in the final CAT.

      Hope this helps !

      Sujit Bhattacharyya

      • Thank you soo much sir 🙂
        Was motivating..Hope the same performance emulates in C-Day 😀
        I’ll come back on this post and re-comment with my actual CAT percentile.

42. SIR,CAN WE APPLY FOR ALL THE OTHER INSTITUTES LIKE MDI,IMT ,IMI…..AFTER THE CAT SCORE? PLEASE DO REPLY

    • Almost all the institutes that you have mentioned will have application deadlines before you get the CAT score. You will have to apply to them before you get the CAT score. Do look at the application deadline of these institutes as and when the notification comes out.

43. Excellent Explanations supported by an example. Gejo sir, it would be of extreme help if you could post a couple of more examples…with common traps and how to eliminate between the 2 close choices.

    • I will soon write on a couple of Proc Mock RCs.

44. GOT IT.. thanks Gejo:)

45. Sir,
    Can you please differentiate between these by giving us some examples:
    1) What can be best inferred from the given ?
    2) Which of the following best reflects the theme of the passage.
    3) What can be the central idea of the given passage?
    4) What is the main purpose of the passage?
    5) Which of the option best summarizes the given passage?

    • Let me answer your questions in the order in which you have asked.

      1) What can be best inferred from the given ?

      Inferences are things that you can deduce from the passage. This can be based on any part of the passage.

      2) Which of the following best reflects the theme of the passage.

      The theme can thought of as the ‘lesson’ the author wants you to learn from the passage.

      3) What can be the central idea of the given passage?

      Central idea is the crux or the main point of the passage. The big picture.

      4) What is the main purpose of the passage?
      The intention of the author. It can be broadly categorized into 4
      a) To persuade….
      b) To explain….
      c) To inform….
      d) To entertain…

      5) Which of the option best summarizes the given passage?
      Summary contains the main idea + follows the text structure and order of the main text

      Let me take the same passage that I used in the article to try and answer

      1. Inference : Courage is required to sustain reverses of fortune.

      2. Theme: There is fortitude with which a wife sustains the misfortune of her husband.

      3. Main Idea: Women often provide support and strength to their men folk in times of misfortune.

      4. Purpose: To emphasis the courage with which women sustain and support her husband during misfortune.

      5. Summary: Women courageously sustain the misfortune, which breaks down a man, and they provide strength and support to their husband in such a time.

      You would notice that the purpose, theme and summary would all be very similar.

      Hope this clarifies.

46. sir,
    in this example , option c , is a close one because , it actually summarises the main idea.while the option you ticked, i.e. d, i feel that it talks more about women supporting their husbands in the time of misfortunes , while the author mentions more on women attitudinal change and not on their support given to males. why is c not chosen? can you please elaborate ?

    • c is incorrect.
      Passage – specific about one instance – how women deals with misfortune.

      Option c – says ‘… can be altered by her circumstances.”
      ‘Circumstances’ could mean any instances. It is much broader(or general) than what is discussed in the passage.

      • got it ,thank you sir !

      • But Sir the last option is also broad in nature.Which times of misfortune is the question referring to?

        • The passage specifically refers to ‘reverses of fortune’ which is ‘misfortune’ right?